{"id":45631,"date":"2022-06-20T12:18:04","date_gmt":"2022-06-20T09:18:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/?p=45631"},"modified":"2022-06-20T12:18:04","modified_gmt":"2022-06-20T09:18:04","slug":"karar-verirken-iki-kere-dusunun-tarihin-en-makus-10-karari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/?p=45631","title":{"rendered":"Karar Verirken \u0130ki Kere D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn: Tarihin En Mak\u00fbs 10 Karar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hepimiz kusur yapar\u0131z; yan\u0131lg\u0131 yapmak insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n <strong>do\u011fas\u0131nda<\/strong> var. Deneyim kazan\u0131p neyin yanl\u0131\u015f, neyin yanl\u0131\u015fs\u0131z oldu\u011funu bizlere \u00f6\u011freten \u015fey de bu yan\u0131lg\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z de\u011fil midir esasen? Fakat tarih boyunca yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f birtak\u0131m yan\u0131lg\u0131lar var ki tan\u0131m\u0131 imkans\u0131z. <\/p>\n<p>Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, karar\u0131 verene \u201cNe yapt\u0131m ben? \u201c diye sorgulat\u0131p dizlerini d\u00f6vd\u00fcren <strong>10 tarihi hatay\u0131<\/strong> sizler i\u00e7in derledik. Keyifli okumalar! <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/b5511c338c9c462df6413c6e4134de63c11148f0.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p><b>Bir karar vermeden evvel durup hat\u0131rlaman\u0131z gereken tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck 10 yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131: <\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Harry Potter\u2019\u0131 reddeden 12 yay\u0131nevi <\/li>\n<li>Decca Records\u2019\u0131n The Beatles\u2019la muahede yapmay\u0131 reddetmesi <\/li>\n<li>Thalidomide facias\u0131 <\/li>\n<li>Titanik\u2019in batmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an her \u015fey <\/li>\n<li>Hindenburg felaketi <\/li>\n<li>Napolyon\u2019un Rusya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgali <\/li>\n<li>Hitler\u2019in Rusya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgali <\/li>\n<li>Truval\u0131lar\u0131n Truva At\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kabul etmesi <\/li>\n<li>Donner olay\u0131 <\/li>\n<li>Amerika i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Harry Potter\u2019\u0131 reddeden 12 yay\u0131nevi <\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/7f169057f0f4f94b039b196a15b779639015394f.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Bir periyodun \u00e7ocuk ve gen\u00e7 kitlesini tabir yerindeyse \u2018b\u00fcy\u00fcleyip\u2019 tesiri alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f ve bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131<strong> 8 filmlik<\/strong> bir seriyle beyaz perdeye de ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f olan d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc kitap serisi <strong>Harry Potter<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n, <strong>Bloomsbury<\/strong> yay\u0131nevi taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmeden evvel tam olarak <strong>12<\/strong> yay\u0131nevi taraf\u0131ndan reddedildi\u011fini biliyor muydunuz? <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/65867fdf443771b914372f3d9354ce6bd6e06152.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe nazaran 26 Temmuz 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere b\u00fcy\u00fck bir muvaffakiyet yakalayan Harry Potter\u2019\u0131n birinci tasla\u011f\u0131n\u0131 okuyan ve reddeden 12 yay\u0131nevi, serinin b\u00f6ylesine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tesir yarat\u0131p sat\u0131\u015f rekorlar\u0131 k\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemi\u015f olsa gerek. Lakin yap\u0131t\u0131na olan inanc\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 kaybetmeyen <strong>J. K. Rowling<\/strong>\u2019in bu eforu; <strong> 400 milyon dolar<\/strong>dan fazla kopyas\u0131 sat\u0131lan,<strong> 67<\/strong> farkl\u0131 lisanda \u00e7evirisi olan <strong>7<\/strong> kitap ve gi\u015fede rekorlar k\u0131ran 8 sinema ile birlikte onu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n birinci milyoner m\u00fcellifi yapt\u0131. Bu muvaffakiyet, varsay\u0131m ediyoruz ki Rowling\u2019le muahede imzalama talihini elinin kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131yla iten 12 yay\u0131nevini mahvetmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n<p><b>Decca Records\u2019\u0131n The Beatles\u2019la mutabakat yapmay\u0131 reddetmesi <\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/1528df137e060df7fb78482e72c7218bea03272f.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Aram\u0131zda bu yaz\u0131y\u0131 okuyup da <strong>The Beatles<\/strong>\u2019\u0131 duymayan\u0131m\u0131z yoktur diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Ne de olsa kendileri; vaktinde konserlerine gelen gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131n heyecandan kendilerinden ge\u00e7tikleri, m\u00fczik piyasas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne getirmi\u015f olan bir k\u00fcme. <\/p>\n<p>1962 y\u0131l\u0131nda<strong> Decca Records<\/strong>&#8216;ta bir y\u00f6netici olan <strong>Rick Rowe<\/strong>, gitar k\u00fcmelerinin pop\u00fclerli\u011fini kaybetmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeydi. T\u0131pk\u0131 y\u0131l, y\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde, o vakitler kendilerine<strong> the Silver Beatles<\/strong> diyen ve bateride <strong>Ringo Starr<\/strong> yerine <strong>Pete Best<\/strong>\u2019in oldu\u011fu <strong>The Beatles<\/strong>, Decca Records&#8217;la muahede imzalamak i\u00e7in se\u00e7melere kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bundan bir ay sonra The Beatles\u2019\u0131n 15 \u015fark\u0131l\u0131k se\u00e7me kasetlerini duyan Rick Rowe ise pek etkilenmemi\u015f olacak ki, \u00fczerine hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden mutabakat imzalamay\u0131 reddetti. Ve bu karar, Rick Rowe\u2019un hayat\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olacakt\u0131. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/e2995728d6d615d69e440ddd78fa46d2b196e3e6.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Bunun \u00fczerine The Beatles,<strong> EMI<\/strong> ile mutabakat imzalad\u0131 ve birinci 8 alb\u00fcmlerini<strong> Parlaphone<\/strong> etiketi alt\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131. K\u00fcmenin 1967 yaz\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar <strong>38 milyon dolar<\/strong> kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kestirim edilmekte ve <strong>The Wall Street Journal<\/strong>\u2019a nazaran de 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019de <strong>50 milyon dolarl\u0131k<\/strong> The Beatles pla\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>Tarih 1968 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde ise The Beatles, EMI\u2019den ayr\u0131l\u0131p kendi plak \u015firketleri <strong>Apple Records<\/strong>\u2019\u0131 kurdu. Bunun Rick Rowe i\u00e7in \u00e7ok can yak\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu varsay\u0131m etmek pek de s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 de\u011fil. <\/p>\n<p><b>Thalidomide facias\u0131 <\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/f2df5897619418b92fb677cfc6f3ab82b08052a9.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda re\u00e7etesiz sat\u0131lan inan\u00e7l\u0131 bir yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen <strong>Thalidomide<\/strong>, 50\u2019ler ve 60\u2019lar boyunca<strong> 46<\/strong> farkl\u0131 \u00fclkede gebe bayanlar\u0131n sabah bulant\u0131s\u0131 tedavisi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131; lakin 1961 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde ilac\u0131n olumsuz tesirleri kendisini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131: Hamileli\u011fi boyunca bulant\u0131 i\u00e7in Thalidomide kullanan bayanlar\u0131n bebekleri a\u011f\u0131r <strong>deformasyonlarla<\/strong> do\u011fuyordu. \u0130lac\u0131n etkiledi\u011fi bebekler genelde k\u0131sa kol yahut bacak, fokomeli olarak isimlendirilen palet gibisi el ve ayaklarla do\u011farken; kimileri da olu\u015fumunu sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir formda tamamlayamam\u0131\u015f g\u00f6z, kulak, kalp ve ba\u015fka organ meseleleriyle d\u00fcnyaya geliyordu. \u0130lac\u0131n \u00fcretimi durdurulana kadar<strong> 100,000<\/strong> kadar gebe bayan\u0131n bu ilac\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bebeklerin<strong> %40<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n\u0131n da hamilelik esnas\u0131nda ya da do\u011fumdan \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir m\u00fcddet sonra \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddia edilmekte. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/7e4ef21d27164d419e9724a25f6c276b270a3487.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Thalidomide, \u00f6nemli do\u011fum komplikasyonlar\u0131 ve bebek mevt riskine kar\u015f\u0131n bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131lmakta. Bir kan ve kemik ili\u011fi kanseri olan multipl miyelom ve c\u00fczzam ile ili\u015fkilendirilen cilt lezyonlar\u0131n\u0131n tedavisi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131m\u0131 onaylanan Thalidomide\u2019in \u00f6b\u00fcr kanser \u00e7e\u015fitleri, HIV ile alakal\u0131 komplikasyonlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra lupus ve Chorn \u00fczere ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131labilme potansiyeli i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar da hala devam etmekte. <\/p>\n<p><b>Titanik\u2019in batmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an her \u015fey <\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/76ffa7eda72bb106c07b00d622e96d4938645f00.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>James Cameron<\/strong> sa\u011f olsun, \u201cTanr\u0131 bile bat\u0131ramaz \u201c denilen devasa yolcu gemisi<strong> Titanik<\/strong>\u2019in \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7abucak hemen herkes bilir. <\/p>\n<p> Bundan bir as\u0131r evvel Titanik, Kuzey Atlantik\u2019te yapaca\u011f\u0131 birinci seyahatine yelken a\u00e7t\u0131; lakin kimse bunun, beraberinde <strong>1,500 <\/strong>yolcu ve m\u00fcrettebat\u0131 da okyanusun derinliklerine s\u00fcr\u00fckleyecek Titanik\u2019in son seyahati olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmiyordu. New York\u2019a gitmek \u00fczere \u0130ngiltere\u2019den yola \u00e7\u0131kan dev transatlantik, seyahatinin hen\u00fcz<strong> 5.<\/strong> g\u00fcn\u00fcndeyken Newfoundland a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda bir buzda\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 darbe sonucunda da tarihin so\u011fuk sular\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu facian\u0131n tek sorumlusu ise bir defa daha insand\u0131. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/bea9273e754625d6b8fcb3efc3e0b8385063bbd0.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>1912 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Nisan ay\u0131nda batan Titanik\u2019in trajik sonu, birbiri gerisine yap\u0131lan yanl\u0131\u015flarla birlikte g\u00f6z nazaran g\u00f6re geldi. Birinci olarak, o vakitler Titanik kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gemi i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan hi\u00e7bir g\u00fcvenlik d\u00fczenlemesi mevcut de\u011fildi. K\u00e2fi g\u00fcvenlik ekipman\u0131 yoktu; gemide yaln\u0131zca<strong> 16<\/strong> cankurtaran botu vard\u0131 ki bu t\u00fcm yolcular\u0131n yaln\u0131zca <strong>\u00fc\u00e7te biri<\/strong> i\u00e7in kafiydi ve m\u00fcrettebata uygun d\u00fcrb\u00fcn ve ayd\u0131nlatma imkan\u0131 sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Daha da berbat\u0131, Titanik test bile edilmemi\u015fti. Yaln\u0131zca ekipman g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f; test s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yapmak gerekli bile g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015fti. Bu y\u00fczden de m\u00fcrettebat gemiye, Marconi kablosuz iletile\u015fme sistemi \u00fczere son teknoloji ekipmana ve acil durum prosed\u00fcrlerine hakim de\u011fildi. <\/p>\n<p>Her \u015fey bir yana, operasyonel olarak ne kadar haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z da olsa, Titanik\u2019in batmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an buzda\u011f\u0131 felaketinin nedeni kolay bir<strong> insan hatas\u0131ndan<\/strong> ibaret olabilir. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, gemiyi buzda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc esnada d\u00fcmencinin bir d\u00fcmen yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu yan\u0131lg\u0131n\u0131n da vaktinde d\u00fczeltilmemi\u015f oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu kolay yan\u0131lg\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden de Titanik gece yar\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7abucak evvel fark edilen buzda\u011f\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131 ve saat 02:20\u2019de yar\u0131larak batt\u0131. <\/p>\n<p><b>Hindenburg felaketi <\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/47fbdc91d53c34576ed49e6da99cc8a624f01450.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda yolcular\u0131 yaln\u0131zca 60 saatte Atlantik\u2019ten ge\u00e7irecek ticari hava gemileri \u00fczere bir hayal vard\u0131. Zeplin seyahati ticari olarak pop\u00fclerlik kazan\u0131yordu ve<strong> Hindenburg<\/strong> da \u015fimdiye kadar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck zeplindi. Asl\u0131na bakarsan\u0131z, o vakitler u\u00e7mu\u015f olan en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015feydi. Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn<strong> Boeing 747<\/strong>\u2019sinden \u00fc\u00e7 kat daha uzun ve 2 kat daha y\u00fcksekti. Devasa oldu\u011fu kadar l\u00fckst\u00fc de; gemiye \u00f6zel tasarlanm\u0131\u015f hafif bir kuyruklu piyano ve ironiktir ki, bir sigara i\u00e7me salonu bile vard\u0131. <\/p>\n<p>May\u0131s 1937&#8217;de, l\u00fcks yolcu gemisi Hindenburg; yana\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada New Jersey&#8217;deki <strong>Lakehurst Deniz Hava \u00dcss\u00fc<\/strong>&#8216;n\u00fcn \u00fczerinde birden alevler i\u00e7inde kald\u0131. \u00c7\u0131kan yang\u0131nla koskoca Hindenburg yaln\u0131zca <strong>37<\/strong> saniyede yok oldu ve<strong> 97<\/strong> yolcuyla<strong> 36 <\/strong>m\u00fcrettebat eleman\u0131 da alevler i\u00e7inde can verdi. Pekala yanl\u0131\u015f giden \u015fey neydi?  <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/cffdad2f70e81137912f091f60c2118113f713f0.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Her \u015feyden evvel Hindenburg, helyum \u00fczere daha az yan\u0131c\u0131 bir alternatif yerine, epey yan\u0131c\u0131 bir gaz olan<strong> hidrojen<\/strong> ile doluydu. Bu hidrojenin yanmas\u0131na neyin sebep oldu\u011funa dairse farkl\u0131 teoriler var. Bir y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m m\u0131 \u00e7arpm\u0131\u015ft\u0131? Yoksa Naziler taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilen, kuyru\u011funda gamal\u0131 ha\u00e7lar olan Hindenburg bir bomba yahut silahla sabotaj edilen siyasi bir maksat miydi? Ya da, kimilerinin da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, patlamaya boyada kullan\u0131lan toz al\u00fcminyum mu sebep olmu\u015ftu? G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde en kabul g\u00f6ren teori, k\u0131r\u0131k yahut ar\u0131zal\u0131 bir valftan \u2013ya da tel- s\u0131zan hidrojen gaz\u0131n\u0131n ve f\u0131rt\u0131nadan kaynaklanan bir elektrostatik birikiminin; m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n geminin ini\u015fi i\u00e7in halatlar\u0131 salmas\u0131 sonucu zeplinin topraklanmas\u0131 yahut elektrostatik bo\u015faltmas\u0131yla birlikte yang\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fidir. <\/p>\n<p><b>Napolyon\u2019un Rusya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgali <\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/239039193c9f42d103989bd45e592e0912fd73f5.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Zaferin onun olaca\u011f\u0131na kesin g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bakan ve sava\u015f\u0131n en fazla 20 g\u00fcn alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen <strong>Napolyon<\/strong>, 1812 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Haziran ay\u0131nda, tarihin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en kalabal\u0131k ordulardan birisiyle Rusya\u2019ya sald\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130ngiltere\u2019yle ticaret \u00fczerine <strong>\u00c7ar I. Alexander<\/strong>\u2019la has\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131 olsa da Napolyon\u2019un as\u0131l pe\u015finde oldu\u011fu \u015fey Rusya de\u011fil, <strong>Hindistan<\/strong>\u2019d\u0131. Lakin Napolyon\u2019un hi\u00e7 hesaba katmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 birka\u00e7 \u2018ufak\u2019 ayr\u0131nt\u0131, ona bir zafere ve binlerce askerin vefat\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Tif\u00fcs<\/strong> ta\u015f\u0131yan bitlerin askerleri enfekte etmesi, yiyecek k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve dondurucu so\u011fuk y\u00fcz\u00fcnden epeyce zay\u0131flayan devasa ordu, son olarak Rus ordusunun da vurdu\u011fu darbeyle Moskova\u2019dan ileriye gidemedi. Seyahatin ba\u015f\u0131nda <strong>600,000<\/strong> ki\u015fi olan ordudan geriye <strong>100,000<\/strong>\u2019den biraz daha fazlas\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.  <\/p>\n<p><b>Hitler\u2019in Rusya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgali  <\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/80536f25f42ddd308c6e3832386622a463746550.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Tarihin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fczere Rusya\u2019ya o denli elini kolunu sallaya sallaya sald\u0131rmak pek de akla yatk\u0131n bir atak de\u011fil. <\/p>\n<p>Bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn tam manas\u0131yla devlerin sava\u015f\u0131yd\u0131; <strong>Nazi Almanya<\/strong>\u2019s\u0131,<strong> Kom\u00fcnist Rusya<\/strong>\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131. Fakat bu ma\u011flubiyet,<strong> Hitler<\/strong>\u2019in o ana kadar ald\u0131\u011f\u0131<strong> birinci b\u00fcy\u00fck kara yenilgisi<\/strong> olacak ve Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n da \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flatacakt\u0131. <\/p>\n<p>1941 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Temmuz ay\u0131nda Hitler, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ve Almanya ortas\u0131nda 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan muahedeyi hi\u00e7e sayarak,<strong> 3 milyondan fazla asker, 7000 top\u00e7u, 3000 tank ve 2500 u\u00e7aktan<\/strong> olu\u015fan ordusuyla Rusya\u2019ya sald\u0131rd\u0131.  <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/15cffbeef34f3d84fd642d734dca849a655f403c.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Neye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131ran <strong>Stalin<\/strong>\u2019in ordusu, Alman sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda ezildi. \u0130stilan\u0131n birinci haftas\u0131nda Sovyet birlikleri<strong> 150,000<\/strong> kay\u0131p verdi ve Almanya, t\u0131pk\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131na kadar <strong>3 milyon <\/strong>sava\u015f esiri ald\u0131. Alman birlikleri Aral\u0131k 1941\u2019de Moskova\u2019ya ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; lakin sava\u015f Hitler\u2019in bekledi\u011finden \u00e7ok daha uzun s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu ve yorulan askerlerle birlikte giysi, erzak ve t\u0131bbi materyal kaynaklar\u0131 da gitgide zay\u0131fl\u0131yordu. Sovyet birliklerinin Moskova\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesini \u00f6nlemek gayesiyle sert bir bi\u00e7imde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermesiyle de Hitler sava\u015f\u0131 kaybetti. <\/p>\n<p><b>Truval\u0131lar\u0131n Truva At\u2019\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmesi <\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/20ab40098bdd82c28327a8078cab30692b0cde68.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130lyada<\/strong> destan\u0131nda bahsi ge\u00e7en<strong> Truva Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&#8216;n\u0131 hepiniz duymu\u015f ya da Brad Pitt\u2019in yar\u0131 tanr\u0131-yar\u0131 insan kahraman<strong> Achilles<\/strong>\u2019i oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hollywood sinemas\u0131n\u0131 izlemi\u015fsinizdir. Efsaneye nazaran, \u015fu an <strong>\u00c7anakkale<\/strong> hudutlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulunan Truva kentinin surlar\u0131n\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc a\u015famayan<strong> Yunanl\u0131lar<\/strong>, kente s\u0131zmak i\u00e7in epeyce farkl\u0131 bir form\u00fcl denemeye karar verdiklerinde sava\u015f <strong>10<\/strong> y\u0131ld\u0131r devam etmekteydi. <\/p>\n<p>Yunanl\u0131lar, kente s\u0131zmak i\u00e7in Truval\u0131lar\u0131 kand\u0131rmay\u0131 planlad\u0131. Bu plana nazaran Yunanl\u0131lar, Truval\u0131lara bir veda ikram\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p sava\u015f\u0131 terk ediyormu\u015f \u00fczere yapacaklard\u0131. Odysseus\u2019un buyru\u011fuyla <strong>Truva At\u0131<\/strong> olarak bilinen ve i\u00e7ine d\u00fczinelerce askerin s\u0131\u011fabildi\u011fi devasa bir tahta at in\u015fa ettiler. At\u0131 kentin giri\u015fine b\u0131rakt\u0131ktan sonra gidiyormu\u015f \u00fczere yapan Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n plan\u0131 i\u015fe yarad\u0131 ve sava\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131klar\u0131na inanan Truval\u0131lar d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u2018hediye\u2019sini kabul ederek kentin i\u00e7ine ald\u0131lar. T\u0131pk\u0131 gece, at\u0131n i\u00e7inde kente giren askerler sakland\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve Truva d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/469eb05c3332bc6e4f2de5b4bda88700ee3e482e.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130lyada, Odyssey ve Aeneid<\/strong> destanlar\u0131na mevzu olan bu destan\u0131n nitekim ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f bir olay m\u0131 yoksa bir efsaneden ibaret mi oldu\u011fu ise hala daha tart\u0131\u015fma konusu. Destanlarda rablerin rol\u00fc olabilir- esasen en ba\u015f\u0131nda sava\u015f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi de bu tanr\u0131lar- fakat bu ilahlar,<strong> Homer ve Virgil<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekte var olan bir sava\u015fa kurgusal olarak dahil edilip bir destana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f de olabilir. Pekala Truva At\u0131 ger\u00e7ek miydi? \u0130spatlara bakacak olursak&#8230;Belki? Tarih\u00e7iler bile bu sava\u015f \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek mi yoksa bir masal m\u0131 oldu\u011fu konusunda hemfikir de\u011filler.  <\/p>\n<p><b>Donner olay\u0131 <\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/ed38d96367291a956d2ba313abf92b849fc023f9.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>1846 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Nisan ay\u0131nda, <strong>Jacob ve George Donner<\/strong> karde\u015fler liderli\u011finde <strong>90<\/strong> kadar ki\u015fi ve <strong>20<\/strong> civar\u0131nda vagonla California\u2019ya gitmek \u00fczere Illinois\u2019ten yola \u00e7\u0131kan bir konvoy; tarihin bilindik an yaban\u00ee <strong>yamyaml\u0131k<\/strong> olaylar\u0131ndan birisini yazmak \u00fczereydi. O vakitler pek bilinmeyen da\u011fl\u0131k bir b\u00f6lgede olan yolda ilerleyen konvoy, rotalar\u0131ndan \u015fa\u015f\u0131p daha kestirme olacaklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri alternatif bir yoldan gitmeye karar verdi ve bu karar da bu seyahatin, k\u00fcmedeki <strong>37 <\/strong>ki\u015finin \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 <strong>son seyahat <\/strong>olmas\u0131na sebep oldu. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/3469d79ccad7e507f570a2a1df23a57f4ab3241d.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Evdeki hesap \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya uymad\u0131 ve kestirme diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri yol, dondurucu so\u011fuk ve engebeli da\u011fl\u0131k yolun da tesiriyle seyahatlerini \u00e7ok daha fazla uzatt\u0131. Seyahatin 24. g\u00fcn\u00fcnde 2 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir bebe\u011fin \u00f6lmesiyle birinci vefat ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bebe\u011fin annesi birinci ba\u015flarda m\u00fcsaade vermese de vakitle herkesin g\u00f6z\u00fc a\u00e7l\u0131ktan d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve bir m\u00fchlet sonra bebe\u011fin cesedini yediler. Bunu takiben, <strong>7<\/strong>\u2019sinin taamm\u00fcden yenmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, geriye kalanlar\u0131n da farkl\u0131 sebeplerden \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc toplam 37 ki\u015fi yendi. Ate\u015f yakmak \u00fczere bir talihlerinin da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bu 37 ki\u015finin<strong> \u00e7i\u011f \u00e7i\u011f<\/strong> yendi\u011fini de belirtmek laz\u0131m ola\u011fan. <\/p>\n<p><b>Amerika i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131 <\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/79895d869404b6d2859cddc2599304224acad1fc.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda Amerika\u2019da i\u00e7ki i\u00e7mek, ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131z esti\u011fi vakit yapabilece\u011finiz bir \u015fey de\u011fildi. Ocak 1920\u2019de imzalanan yasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren <strong>i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131<\/strong>, 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lana kadar Amerika\u2019da i\u00e7ki \u00fcretmek, da\u011f\u0131tmak ve satmak yasakt\u0131; fakat tuhaft\u0131r ki alkol t\u00fcketmek yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 de\u011fildi. <\/p>\n<p>\u2018Asil deney\u2019 olarak kabul edilen i\u00e7ki yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hata oran\u0131n\u0131 ve cezaevlerine harcanan paray\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmesiyle birlikte halk s\u0131hhat ve hijyenini de artt\u0131rmas\u0131 bekleniyordu; lakin beklenin <strong>tam tersi<\/strong> oldu. Alkolle alakal\u0131 hatalarda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir <strong>patlama<\/strong> ya\u015fand\u0131 ve r\u00fc\u015fvet ald\u0131ktan sonra ya\u015fananlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelmeye istekli <strong>yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir siyasi sistem<\/strong> ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Yasak, insanlar\u0131n alkol i\u00e7mesinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ememi\u015fti; yaln\u0131zca hareketin <strong>neyle ve nerede<\/strong> oldu\u011funu de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015fti. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0003\/26\/595d43a409f645a5f928b3a97d1c9cf752b41a1f.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Yasal olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ucuz \u015farap ve daha sert i\u00e7ki sevenlerin tercih etti\u011fi jag suyu \u00fczerine d\u00fczenlemeler getirilemedi ve uydurma i\u00e7ki y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, yasa\u011f\u0131n devam etti\u011fi m\u00fchlet boyunca her y\u0131l ortalama <strong>1,000 ki\u015fi<\/strong> zehirlenerek \u00f6ld\u00fc. Yasa\u011f\u0131n verdi\u011fi ziyan bununla da sonlu kalmad\u0131: Hesapta hi\u00e7 olmayan olumsuz finansal tesirler, \u00fclkeyi <strong>ekonomik bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe<\/strong> yanl\u0131\u015fs\u0131z s\u00fcr\u00fckledi. <\/p>\n<p>Tarih boyunca verilmi\u015f <strong>en berbat 10 karar\u0131<\/strong> derledi\u011fimiz yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n sonuna gelmi\u015f bulunmaktay\u0131z. \u015eayet bir g\u00fcn \u00e7ok de\u011ferli bir karar vermeniz gerekirse ya da Rusya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmeye karar verirseniz, durup bir daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnseniz uygun edersiniz.<\/p>\n<div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hepimiz kusur yapar\u0131z; yan\u0131lg\u0131 yapmak insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131nda var. Deneyim kazan\u0131p neyin yanl\u0131\u015f, neyin yanl\u0131\u015fs\u0131z oldu\u011funu bizlere \u00f6\u011freten \u015fey de bu &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":45632,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[858],"tags":[1950,5997,1064,6367,1223],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45631"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=45631"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45631\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45633,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45631\/revisions\/45633"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/45632"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=45631"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=45631"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=45631"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}