{"id":27999,"date":"2022-05-16T23:30:03","date_gmt":"2022-05-16T20:30:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/?p=27999"},"modified":"2022-05-16T23:30:03","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T20:30:03","slug":"kolay-bir-yazilim-yanilgisi-tarihe-gecen-6-bug","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/?p=27999","title":{"rendered":"Kolay Bir Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131: Tarihe Ge\u00e7en 6 Bug"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bilgisayar kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 hayli yayg\u0131n olan <strong><em>bug <\/em><\/strong>s\u00f6z\u00fcyle en az bir kez kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilgisayar programlar\u0131nda, \u00e7e\u015fitli yaz\u0131l\u0131mlarda ve bilhassa oyunlarda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz buglar, genelde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m kusurlar\u0131na denir ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fczenlemeler yahut g\u00fcncellemelerle ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilir. Pekala bu t\u0131p buglar sadece oyunlarda bulunup k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yanl\u0131\u015flara m\u0131 yol a\u00e7\u0131yor? Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k hay\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu i\u00e7eri\u011fimizde sizler i\u00e7in internet tarihine ge\u00e7en, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 tesirleri olan <strong><em>bug <\/em><\/strong>\u00f6rneklerini derledik. Listenin ortas\u0131nda felaket olarak isimlendirilebilecek bug \u00f6rneklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hayli farkl\u0131 ve komik \u00f6rnekler de bulunuyor. Dilerseniz laf\u0131 daha fazla uzatmadan tarihe ge\u00e7en bug \u00f6rneklerine birlikte g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<p><b>D\u00fcnya tarihine ge\u00e7en 6 bug \u00f6rne\u011fi:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ariane 5 roketinin havaya u\u00e7mas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7ok dozda radyasyon yayan Therac-25<\/li>\n<li>Dakikalar i\u00e7inde kaybedilen 460 milyon dolar<\/li>\n<li>Amerikan \u00fcss\u00fcnde patlayan f\u00fcze<\/li>\n<li>Mars Climate Orbiter kazas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Bilgisayar tarihindeki birinci bug<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Ariane 5 roketinin havaya u\u00e7mas\u0131:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><div><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p>NASA, 4 Haziran 1996\u2019da f\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan <strong>Ariane 5<\/strong> uzay arac\u0131n\u0131 kodlarken, Ariane 4 roketinin kodlar\u0131n\u0131 kopyalayarak bir kusur yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda de\u011fildi. O g\u00fcn f\u0131rlatma i\u00e7in geri say\u0131m yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve roketin motorlar\u0131 ate\u015flenerek kalk\u0131\u015f ba\u015flad\u0131. H\u0131zlanarak yoluna 37 saniye boyunca devam eden Ariane 5 roketi o saniyeden sonra yanl\u0131\u015f tarafa hakikat <strong>90 derece d\u00f6nmeye<\/strong> ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu durum, roketin kendini imha etme d\u00fczene\u011fini tetikledi ve uzay arac\u0131, <strong>d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en de\u011ferli havai fi\u015fe\u011fi<\/strong> olarak ak\u0131llara kaz\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu kaza, NASA\u2019ya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00fcst 370 milyon dolara mal oldu. Tarihteki en k\u0131ymetli yaz\u0131l\u0131m yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan biri ortas\u0131na giren bu kazan\u0131n sebebi, yaz\u0131l\u0131mda olu\u015fan bir bugd\u0131. Bu bug, milyarlarca potansiyel k\u0131ymeti temsil edebilen 64 bit de\u011fi\u015fkeni, yakla\u015f\u0131k 65 bin paha alabilen 16 bit de\u011fi\u015fkene s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na sebep oldu. Roketler h\u0131zland\u0131k\u00e7a kodlarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu <strong>bug <\/strong>i\u015fleri sarpa sard\u0131rd\u0131 ve roket <strong>patlad\u0131<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00c7ok dozda radyasyon yayan Therac-25:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0002\/76\/dccf27275c89154c348a034d0d72e3bbbc79e25e.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Therac-25 olarak bahsedilen makine, kanser hastalar\u0131n\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131lmak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Evvelki modelini temel alan Therac-25\u2019te <em>\u201cgeli\u015ftirilmi\u015f\u201d<\/em> bir terapi sistemi bulunuyordu ve bu sistem iki farkl\u0131 cinste radyasyon yayabiliyordu. Birincisi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7te elektron \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 (beta par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131), bir oburu ise <strong>\u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc<\/strong> elektronlar yayan X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Therac-25, X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 elektron tabancas\u0131 ve hastan\u0131n ortas\u0131nda bulunan metal bir plakayla par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak tedaviyi uyguluyordu. Bir ba\u015fka geli\u015ftirme ise Therac-20\u2019de g\u00fcvenlik tedbiri olarak bulunan elektromekanik g\u00fcvenlik kilitlerinin <strong>yaz\u0131l\u0131msal g\u00fcvenlik tedbirleriyle<\/strong> <strong>de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesiydi<\/strong>. Ne yaz\u0131k ki geli\u015fim olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu yan\u0131lg\u0131, Therac-20\u2019nin kodlar\u0131nda bulunan lakin fark edilemeyen yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131n Therac-25\u2019te ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na sebep oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Race condition olarak bilinen bir kusur, Therac-25\u2019in y\u00fcksek g\u00fc\u00e7 modunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep oldu. Operat\u00f6rlerin bilmedi\u011fi \u015fey ise ayg\u0131t\u0131n bu modda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131, m\u00fcnasebetiyle metal plakay\u0131 <strong>yerine koymad\u0131lar<\/strong>. Bu bug y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 hastan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r dozda radyasyon sebebiyle <strong>hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi<\/strong> raporland\u0131. \u00d6teki hastalar ise \u00f6nemli bir halde yaralanarak tedavi alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><b>Dakikalar i\u00e7inde kaybedilen 460 milyon dolar:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0002\/76\/4d0cd0d1a072645cafe14d75db13fe2f1af1e2db.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Yaz\u0131l\u0131m denen bahsin \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00e7ok fazla ba\u015f yorulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ve <strong>en ufak bir kusurun<\/strong> bir \u015firkete mal olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steren bir olay ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z. Knight Capital Group, 1 A\u011fustos 2012\u2019de yeni bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m g\u00fcncellemesi yapma karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m g\u00fcncellemesiyle otomatik olarak stok al\u0131m sat\u0131m\u0131 yapmay\u0131 planlayan \u015firket bir anda kendisini hi\u00e7 ummad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde <strong>iflas\u0131n e\u015fi\u011finde<\/strong> buldu.<\/p>\n<p>Saat 09.00 sular\u0131nda New York Borsas\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7ler i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve Knight Capital\u2019\u0131n birinci perakende yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n almak yahut satmak i\u00e7in talimat verdi. Sadece 45 dakika sonra Knight Capital\u2019\u0131n sunucular\u0131 4 milyon s\u00fcre\u00e7 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi ve \u015firkete <strong>460 milyon dolar kaybettirerek<\/strong> iflas\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine getirdi. NYSE\u2019deki kimi paylar %300\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde artt\u0131. Bunun sebebi, \u00f6teki firmalar\u0131n algoritmalar\u0131 Knight Capital\u2019\u0131n bu yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><b>Amerikan \u00fcss\u00fcnde patlayan f\u00fcze:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0002\/76\/93ccb75a83bdd737ff3e7101651ec247d304b25f.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>1991 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u015fubat aylar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nin Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n Zahran kentindeki \u00fcss\u00fcnde bir patlama ya\u015fand\u0131. Al Hussein Scud ismi verilen k\u0131sa menzilli bir balistik f\u00fcze maksad\u0131n\u0131 tutturmay\u0131 ba\u015fararak Amerikan \u00fcss\u00fcnde patlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Patlaman\u0131n sebebi ise \u00fcste bulunan anti balistik f\u00fcze sisteminin <strong>yanl\u0131\u015fs\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131yd\u0131<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Yap\u0131lan sorgulamalar\u0131n ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n sonucunda patlama sebebinin \u00fcste bulunan anti balistik f\u00fcze sisteminin bir <strong>yaz\u0131l\u0131m kusuru<\/strong> y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ate\u015flenmemesi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Orta uzakl\u0131k havadan gelen f\u00fczeleri yok etmesi gereken MIM-104 Patriot, 100 saati a\u015fk\u0131n m\u00fcddettir \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu ve ge\u00e7en her saatte dahili saat <strong>birka\u00e7 milisaniye <\/strong>ileri gidiyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Bir insan i\u00e7in inan\u0131lmaz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan 0,33 saniye, Al Hussein f\u00fczesini takip etmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan bir sistem i\u00e7in <strong>inan\u0131lmaz b\u00fcy\u00fck<\/strong> bir k\u00fcsurdu. MIM-104 Patriot, havada bir cisim oldu\u011funu alg\u0131lamay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131 lakin bug y\u00fcz\u00fcnden cismi <strong>takip edemedi<\/strong> ve bunun bir f\u00fcze oldu\u011funu anlayamad\u0131. Engellenemeyen f\u00fcze y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00fcste bulunan 28 asker hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n<p><b>Mars Climate Orbiter kazas\u0131:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0002\/76\/28a97898145d3a9621f8ba58718d92c98c0a7bad.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda f\u0131rlat\u0131lan Mars Climate Orbiter uzay arac\u0131n\u0131n emeli, Mars\u2019taki iklimi denetim etmek ve d\u00fcnyaya iletmekti fakat ne yaz\u0131k ki kodlar\u0131ndaki bir <strong>bug <\/strong>y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bu misyonu hi\u00e7 tamamlayamad\u0131. Birka\u00e7 ay boyunca uzayda yoluna devam eden Mars Climate Orbiter, <strong>y\u00f6nlendirme kusuru<\/strong> y\u00fcz\u00fcnden tahrip oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Uzay arac\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde denetim eden ekipler, imperial \u00fcnitesi parametrelerini kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Uzay arac\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ise hesaplamalar\u0131 metrik sisteme nazaran yap\u0131yordu. Bu yanl\u0131\u015f kodlama y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Mars Climate Orbiter olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi rotadan sapt\u0131 ve \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fad\u0131. Bunun sonucunda ise Mars atmosferinde \u00e7ok fazla s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme ya\u015fayan ara\u00e7 tahrip oldu.<\/p>\n<p><b>Bilgisayar tarihindeki birinci bug<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0002\/76\/a8a477cb1e3929a56abc421f1d808f407fde7dba.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Bilgisayar yan\u0131lg\u0131lar\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bug s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn nereden geldi\u011fini biliyor musunuz? Tarihe ge\u00e7en birinci bilgisayar bug\u0131, <strong>ger\u00e7ek bir b\u00f6ce\u011fin<\/strong> bir bilgisayar\u0131n i\u00e7ine girmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1947 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu olay, b\u00f6ce\u011fi bulan ki\u015finin rapor defterine bilgisayar sisteminde birinci kez bir bug bulundu\u011funu yazmas\u0131yla tarihe ge\u00e7ti. Bir g\u00fcve, Amerikan Donanmas\u0131\u2019na ili\u015fkin Harvard Mark II isimli bilgisayar\u0131n i\u00e7ine girerek <strong>fonksiyonunu bozmu\u015ftu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Bug s\u00f6z\u00fc birinci sefer o vakit kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 lakin Harvard Mark II\u2019de b\u00f6ce\u011fi bulan \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n bu kelimeyi raporlara ge\u00e7irmesi, bug\u00fcn bilgisayar ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m yan\u0131lg\u0131lar\u0131nda bug s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc daha \u00e7ok kullanmam\u0131za sebep oldu. Bu olay biraz dalga konusu oldu lakin vakit ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e bug s\u00f6z\u00fc bilgisayar ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m yan\u0131lg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla daha yayg\u0131n hale geldi. Hasebiyle foto\u011frafta g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz b\u00f6ce\u011fe, bug\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan <strong>t\u00fcm buglar\u0131n anas\u0131<\/strong> diyebiliriz.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nternet tarihine ge\u00e7en 6 <strong><em>bug <\/em><\/strong>\u00f6rne\u011fini derledi\u011fimiz i\u00e7eri\u011fimizin sonuna gelmi\u015f bulunuyoruz. Dilerseniz <strong>bug ne demek, birinci olarak ne vakit ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong> sorular\u0131na yan\u0131t verdi\u011fimiz i\u00e7eri\u011fimize buraya t\u0131klayarak ula\u015fabilirsiniz. \u015eayet sizlerin de daha evvel kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bu cins bug \u00f6rnekleri varsa yorumlar bunlar\u0131 bizlerle payla\u015fabilirsiniz. Bu ve bunun \u00fczere i\u00e7eriklerimizin devam\u0131 gelecek. Ka\u00e7\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in bizleri takipte kal\u0131n.<\/p>\n<div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bilgisayar kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 hayli yayg\u0131n olan bug s\u00f6z\u00fcyle en az bir kez kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilgisayar programlar\u0131nda, \u00e7e\u015fitli yaz\u0131l\u0131mlarda ve bilhassa &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28000,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[854],"tags":[1007,4684,2171,1950,1237],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27999"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27999"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27999\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28001,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27999\/revisions\/28001"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/28000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27999"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27999"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27999"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}