{"id":11984,"date":"2022-04-17T10:42:02","date_gmt":"2022-04-17T07:42:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/?p=11984"},"modified":"2022-04-17T10:42:02","modified_gmt":"2022-04-17T07:42:02","slug":"internetin-50-yil-icerisinde-gectigi-5-donum-noktasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/?p=11984","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nternetin 50 Y\u0131l \u0130\u00e7erisinde Ge\u00e7ti\u011fi 5 D\u00f6n\u00fcm Noktas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>29 Ekim 1969<\/strong>&#39;da Leonard Kleinrock ve Charley Kline, <strong>Stanford \u00dcniversitesi<\/strong>\u2019nde misyon yapan bir bilim insan\u0131 Bill Duval&#39;a iki harfli &#8220;<strong>lo<\/strong>&#8221; bildirisini g\u00f6nderdi. Asl\u0131nda ama\u00e7lanan ileti \u201c<strong>login<\/strong>\u201d idi\u00a0ancak bu, bir bilgisayar yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc kesik bir halde kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu olaydan <strong>50 y\u0131l sonra<\/strong>\u00a0bug\u00fcn internet ortam\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r bir trafik mevcut. Milyarlarca <strong>e-posta<\/strong> g\u00f6nderiliyor ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck aramalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor. Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn en geni\u015f irtibat a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n internet oldu\u011fu biliniyor. Her g\u00fcn daha da geni\u015flemeye ba\u015flayan bu ba\u011flant\u0131 a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnlere gelmesinde hangi olaylar tesirli oldu gelin daima birlikte bakal\u0131m. <strong>\u0130\u015fte internetin 50 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde ge\u00e7ti\u011fi 5 d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b>1978: \u015eifreleme ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0002\/26\/f57ba57493f07020388dd9c2b0e7e2e467b42a36.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0bir k\u00fcme lise \u00f6\u011frencisinin Pentagon taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen kapal\u0131 a\u011f\u00a0<strong>ARPANET\u2019e<\/strong> eri\u015fti\u011fi bildirildi. Bunun \u00fczerine bilgisayar bilimcileri Vinton Cerf ve Robert Kahn, internetin \u00e7ekirdek protokollerine <strong>\u015fifreleme<\/strong> yapmay\u0131 \u00f6nerdiler. Sonu\u00e7 olarak\u00a0g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde internet kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc, <strong>inan\u00e7l\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131<\/strong> sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in karma\u015f\u0131k \u015fifreler ve \u00e7ok fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulama sistemlerini kullanmak zorundalar. Daha ileri g\u00fcvenlik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 olan \u015fah\u0131slar, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i etkinliklerini \u015fifrelemek i\u00e7in ekseriyetle <strong>sanal \u00f6zel a\u011flar<\/strong> yahut Tor \u00fczere \u00f6zel bir sakl\u0131l\u0131k yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 kullan\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n<p><b>1983: \u0130nternet\u00a0do\u011fdu<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0002\/26\/d729e8dafe34d539a927e88afb3a4082b6b3512d.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0130nternetin nitekim global bir varl\u0131k olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in direkt birbirleriyle <strong>irtibat<\/strong> kurabilen her cinsten farkl\u0131 bilgisayarlara ihtiya\u00e7\u00a0vard\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli h\u00fck\u00fbmetlerden y\u00fczlerce bilim insan\u0131, <strong>A\u00e7\u0131k Sistemler Temas\u0131<\/strong> standard\u0131 olarak isimlendirdikleri \u015feyleri tasarlamak i\u00e7in i\u015f birli\u011fi yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Cerf ve Kahn, <strong>\u0130letim Denetim Protokol\u00fc\/\u0130nternet Protokol\u00fc<\/strong> olarak isimlendirilen \u00f6teki bir yol \u00f6nerdi. <strong>TCP\/IP<\/strong> ola\u011fan postaya daha \u00e7ok benziyordu. A\u011fdaki t\u00fcm bilgisayarlar\u0131n yapmas\u0131 gereken, iletisi al\u0131c\u0131ya bilgi ile ne yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulaca\u011f\u0131 gayeye iletmekti.\u00a0Herkesin kendi bilgisayar\u0131na kopyalamas\u0131 ve kullanmas\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrd\u00fc. Hem \u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hem de fiyats\u0131z oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\u00a0TCP\/IP, internetin s\u00fcratli ve global bir halde \u00f6l\u00e7eklenmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. TCP\/IP, interneti daha ucuz, daha yenilik\u00e7i ve <strong>resmi devlet standartlar\u0131na<\/strong> daha az ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00e2le getirdi.<\/p>\n<p><b>1996: \u0130nternet Yasas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0002\/26\/62348b3ed6d9fa37925468b96ee8fb2ac0157336.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>1996&#39;ya gelindi\u011finde\u00a0internette 73.000&#39;den fazla <strong>sunucu<\/strong> mevcuttu ve Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n % 22&#39;si internette \u00e7evrimi\u00e7iydi. Bununla birlikte\u00a0internet ortam\u0131, birtak\u0131m Kongre \u00fcyelerini endi\u015felendirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 zira pornografi s\u00fcratle art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steriyordu. Bunun \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in ise Kongre, <strong>\u0130nternet Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131<\/strong> \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu yasa, ABD teknoloji sanayisinin geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan yasal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flad\u0131. Yasa;\u00a0internetin medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131, blog m\u00fcellifleri, m\u00fc\u015fteri yorumlar\u0131 ve kullan\u0131c\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan i\u00e7eriklerle dolmas\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kendisini daha <strong>rahat<\/strong> hissetmelerini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><b>1998: ABD h\u00fck\u00fbmeti ad\u0131m att\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0002\/26\/c4dc92c48a9f39cc6dfaeb04b3a64cbc0ffbcd5f.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>TCP\/IP adresleme \u015femas\u0131, internete ba\u011fl\u0131 her bilgisayar\u0131n yahut ayg\u0131t\u0131n kendine mahsus bir adresinin olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyordu.\u00a0Bu, hesaplama nedeniyle\u00a0<strong>&#8220;192.168.2.201&#8221; <\/strong>\u00fczere bir say\u0131 dizisi idi lakin bu say\u0131 dizisinin hat\u0131rlanmas\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in merkezi bir kay\u0131t dizini olu\u015fturulmal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Birinci olarak\u00a01960\u2019lar\u0131n sonunda ba\u015flayan bu kay\u0131t, Jon Postel isminde birisi taraf\u0131ndan bir diskette koruma edildi. 1998 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar\u00a0kendisi de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi, bu de\u011ferli g\u00fcc\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca bir ki\u015finin denetiminde olmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunuyordu. Ger\u00e7ekten 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ABD Ticaret Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu denetimi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kurulu\u015f olan <strong>ICANN\u2019e<\/strong>\u00a0devretti.<\/p>\n<p><b>2010: Sava\u015f \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i oluyor<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webtekno.com\/images\/editor\/default\/0002\/26\/d89882eebcacacce9f9a8c536dcdf9122c501113.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p>2010 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n haziran ay\u0131nda\u00a0<strong>siber g\u00fcvenlik ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong>, bilhassa \u0130ran&#39;\u0131n<strong> n\u00fckleer silah<\/strong> geli\u015ftirme gayretleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan te\u00e7hizat\u0131 gaye almak i\u00e7in tasarlanan <strong>Stuxnet<\/strong> isimli sofistike bir siber silah\u0131n ke\u015ffini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. Bu, fizik\u00ee hasara neden olan birinci dijital ataklar ortas\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu. Neredeyse on y\u0131l sonra\u00a0Stuxnet&#39;in internet \u00fczerinden \u00f6nemli hasara yol a\u00e7ma ihtimaline imk\u00e2n verdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k.\u00a0Bug\u00fcnlerde uluslar, tertipli bir halde artan siber h\u00fccumlar\u0131 kullan\u0131p\u00a0bir dizi askeri ve sivil maksada sald\u0131rabiliyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7evrimi\u00e7i bar\u0131\u015f<\/strong> ve toplum i\u00e7in muhakkak umut kayna\u011f\u0131 var\u00a0ancak bu kararlar, siber alan\u0131 ve bununla birlikte milyonlarca insan\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc \u015fekillendirdi. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f se\u00e7imler \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, milletleraras\u0131 hukukun <strong>siber ak\u0131nlar<\/strong> i\u00e7in nas\u0131l uygulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi yahut yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n nas\u0131l d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi \u00fczere yakla\u015fmakta olan kararlar\u0131 almada yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n<div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>29 Ekim 1969&#39;da Leonard Kleinrock ve Charley Kline, Stanford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde misyon yapan bir bilim insan\u0131 Bill Duval&#39;a iki harfli &#8220;lo &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11985,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15],"tags":[1007,1003],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11984"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11984"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11984\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11986,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11984\/revisions\/11986"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11985"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11984"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11984"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kutaybilen.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11984"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}